![]() ![]() Rubidium forms salts with halogens, producing rubidium fluoride, rubidium chloride, rubidium bromide, and rubidium iodide. ![]() Rubidium forms a number of oxides when exposed to air, including rubidium monoxide (Rb 2O), Rb 6O, and Rb 9O 2 rubidium in excess oxygen gives the superoxide RbO 2. Rubidium silver iodide (RbAg 4I 5) has the highest room temperature conductivity of any known ionic crystal, a property exploited in thin film batteries and other applications. Other common rubidium compounds are the corrosive rubidium hydroxide (RbOH), the starting material for most rubidium-based chemical processes rubidium carbonate (Rb 2CO 3), used in some optical glasses, and rubidium copper sulfate, Rb 2SO 4♼uSO 4♶H 2O. Rubidium chloride (RbCl) is probably the most used rubidium compound: among several other chlorides, it is used to induce living cells to take up DNA it is also used as a biomarker, because in nature, it is found only in small quantities in living organisms and when present, replaces potassium. However, rubidium ions have similar properties and the same charge as potassium ions, and are actively taken up and treated by animal cells in similar ways. Rubidium is not a known nutrient for any living organisms. Rubidium metal is easily vaporized and has a convenient spectral absorption range, making it a frequent target for laser manipulation of atoms. Rubidium's compounds have various chemical and electronic applications. The name comes from the Latin word rubidus, meaning deep red, the color of its emission spectrum. German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed technique, flame spectroscopy. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes: 72% is a stable isotope 85Rb, and 28% is slightly radioactive 87Rb, with a half-life of 48.8 billion years-more than three times as long as the estimated age of the universe. Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher than water. It is very soft, whitish-grey solid in the alkali metal group, similar to potassium and caesium. Rubidium is the chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. ![]()
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